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An instrument used to obtain an enlarged image of a small object. The image may be seen, photographed, or sensed by photocells or other receivers, depending upon the nature of the image and the use to be made of the information of the image. Microscopes are classified as simple or compound according to the kind of radiation used to form the image, and the use for which they are designed.
Simple Microscope
A simple microscope, hand lens, or magnifier usually is a round piece of transparent material, ground thinner at the edge than at the center, which can form an enlarged image of a small object. Commonly, simple microscopes are double convex or planoconvex lenses, or systems of lenses acting together to form the image. The lens can be mounted in a simple holder, in a folding case for hand use, or with a support which has a mechanical focusing mechanism, stage, and mirror to make a dissecting microscope.
Compound Microscope
The compound microscope utilizes two lenses or lens systems. One lens system forms an enlarged image of the object and the second magnifies the image formed by the first. The total magnification is then the product of the magnifications of both lens systems. Theoretically, several simple microscopes could be used in line, each to magnify the image of the one before it. Practically, the losses from aberrations, reflections, and other defects limit the compound microscope to two such systems.
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